Tongue thrust swallowing:
This form of swallowing is considered physiological in early childhood, up to about three years of age, but its occurrence decreases with age and eventually ceases. Generally, tongue thrust swallowing can be regarded as pathological from the appearance of the mixed dentition onward.
During improper swallowing, the tongue does not perform the necessary upward movement but instead slips between the dental arches, or at least pushes against them from below, above, or from the side. As a result, the tongue exerts force on the teeth, and the structural and functional muscle balance around the mouth and within the oral cavity is disrupted, leading to underactivity and overactivity of the facial musculature, lip musculature, and tongue musculature. In noticeable cases, a gap may even develop in the dental arch in the area affected by tongue thrust. In these cases, orthodontics cannot be completely successful if the pathological swallowing mechanism is not eliminated, because the mechanical force of the orthodontic appliance and the tongue's function subject the teeth to opposing forces.
Thus, it can easily occur that alongside orthodontic treatment, tongue thrust swallowing:
- reduces the effectiveness of orthodontics
- increases the duration of orthodontic treatment
- or after the removal of the orthodontic appliance, the teeth (partially or completely) revert to their pre-treatment state
Therefore, with orthodontic treatment, we can only temporarily address the symptoms of tongue thrust swallowing; the underlying cause can only be eliminated with the help of a speech therapist.