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Carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Insulin resistance it is a condition where the cells have reduced sensitivity or response to the hormone insulin. Insulin helps the cells take up glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.
In the case of insulin resistance, the cells do not respond properly to the presence of insulin, making it difficult for glucose to enter the cells, resulting in higher blood sugar levels in the bloodstream.
Insulin resistance can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity and obesity, as well as genetic background, can play a role in the development of insulin resistance. A healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, and proper nutrition are essential for the prevention and management of insulin resistance.
The diabetesDiabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder caused by the inadequate production of the hormone insulin by the body or by the improper utilization of insulin.
Insulin helps glucose (sugar) in the blood enter the cells, where it is converted into energy. If insulin production is insufficient or the body does not use insulin effectively, high glucose levels develop in the bloodstream.
There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabeteswhen the body does not produce insulin, and Type 2 diabeteswhen the effectiveness of insulin decreases.
The foundation of disease management, alongside medication and/or insulin therapy, is the establishment of a proper diet and lifestyle.
It is important to manage diabetes carefullybecause, in the long term, it can lead to complications such as cardiovascular problems, kidney disease, and several other serious conditions.
If you suspect insulin resistance or diabetes, it is advisable to consult a specialist for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
The symptoms of insulin resistance are not always clear and can vary from person to person.
Some possible symptoms and signs may include:
- High blood sugar levels: As a result of insulin resistance, the cells respond less to insulin, making it more difficult for glucose to enter the cells, which can lead to higher blood sugar levels.
- Increased hunger and thirst: Due to high blood sugar levels and insulin resistance, feelings of hunger and thirst may increase.
- Increased urination: Insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels often lead to increased urine production.
- Fatigue: High blood sugar levels caused by insulin resistance can lower energy levels, leading to fatigue.
- Weight gain, particularly abdominal obesity: Insulin resistance can contribute to weight gain, especially in the abdominal area.
- Slow wound healing: Insulin resistance can affect wound healing and increase the risk of infection.
- Increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels: Insulin resistance can raise blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels, which may lead to cardiovascular problems.
It is important to note that in the early stages of insulin resistance, there may be no noticeable symptoms. However, if you notice the aforementioned symptoms or are concerned about your health, it is advisable to consult a specialist who can provide an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
The symptoms of diabetes mellitus can vary among individuals and may differ depending on the type of the disease. The most common types are type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Some common symptoms and signs of diabetes may include:
- Increased thirst and urination: Frequent thirst and urination may result from high blood sugar levels.
- Increased hunger: Due to the lack of insulin or reduced effectiveness, the cells are less able to utilize glucose, leading to increased hunger.
- Fatigue: Difficulties in the cells' access to energy can lead to fatigue and exhaustion.
- Vision problems: High blood sugar levels can cause changes in the lens of the eye, leading to vision disturbances.
- Slow wound healing: High blood sugar levels can hinder wound healing and increase the risk of infection.
- Weight loss: Weight loss may occur, especially in the case of type 1 diabetes, as the body is unable to effectively utilize glucose and fat.
- Increased susceptibility to infections: High blood sugar levels can reduce the effectiveness of the immune system, increasing the risk of infections.
- Numbness and tingling: High blood sugar levels can cause peripheral neuropathy, which may result in numbness and tingling in the extremities.
It is important to note that the symptoms of diabetes can vary and are not always clear or immediately recognizable. If you notice such symptoms in yourself, it is advisable to consult a specialist as soon as possible for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Obesity
According to surveys by the WHO (World Health Organization), in the European region 2/3 of adults and one in three school-aged children are living with overweight or obesity.which has been exacerbated by the pandemic in recent years.
The obesity is a condition where the body mass index (BMI = kg/m²) is higher than the values within the normal range. Obesity means that an individual's BMI is over 30 kg/m².
Obesity often occurs as a result of imbalances between energy intake and energy expenditure, as well as a combination of genetic, lifestyle, environmental factors, or certain diseases.
It can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, as well as joint and respiratory problems. Healthy eating, regular physical activity, and lifestyle changes can help prevent and manage obesity.
An obesity diet is generally based on individual needs and it is important to adhere to the principles of healthy eating.
Some general recommendations may include:
- Reducing energy intake
- Creating a personalized healthy diet
- Adequate fluid intake
- Regular physical activity
The Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a condition in which an individual does not consume enough food and nutrients to meet their needs, which can lead to serious health issues.
Malnutrition can occur due to various reasons for example an inadequate diet, chronic diseases, poor eating habits, or difficult financial circumstances. due to.
Signs and consequences of malnutrition can include:
- Weight loss: a decrease in an individual's body weight as a result of inadequate nutrition.
- Weakness and fatigue: malnutrition can affect energy levels, leading to weakness and exhaustion.
- Weakened immune system: inadequate nutrient intake can reduce the effectiveness of the immune system, increasing the risk of infections.
- Loss of bones and muscles: malnutrition can damage bones and muscles, leading to a decline in physical function.
- Hormonal imbalance: inadequate nutrition can affect the hormonal system, impacting the functioning of various organ systems.
- Mental health issues: malnutrition can also affect mental health, potentially leading to depression or anxiety.
- Developmental problems: particularly in children, inadequate nutrition can have long-term effects on growth and development.
The treatment of malnutrition involves ensuring adequate nutrition and medical treatment when necessary. Depending on the severity of malnutrition, doctors conduct a comprehensive assessment to determine the appropriate treatment plan.
